CA12

Carbonic anhydrase XII

PDB rendering based on 1jcz.

Available structures
PDB	1JCZ, 1JD0

Identifiers

Symbols

CA12; CAXII; FLJ20151; HsT18816

External IDs

OMIM: 603263 MGI: 1923709 HomoloGene: 20327 GeneCards: CA12 Gene

EC number

4.2.1.1

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• carbonate dehydratase activity • zinc ion binding • lyase activity • metal ion binding
Cellular component	• membrane • integral to membrane
Biological process	• one-carbon metabolic process
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 15:
63.61 – 63.67 Mb

Chr 9:
66.56 – 66.61 Mb

PubMed search

[1]

[2]

Carbonic anhydrase 12 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CA12 gene.^[1]^[2]

Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a large family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. They participate in a variety of biological processes, including respiration, calcification, acid-base balance, bone resorption, and the formation of aqueous humor, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and gastric acid. This gene product is a type I membrane protein that is highly expressed in normal tissues, such as kidney, colon and pancreas, and has been found to be overexpressed in 10% of clear cell renal carcinomas. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified for this gene.^[2]

References

^ Tureci O, Sahin U, Vollmar E, Siemer S, Gottert E, Seitz G, Parkkila AK, Shah GN, Grubb JH, Pfreundschuh M, Sly WS (Aug 1998). "Human carbonic anhydrase XII: cDNA cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of a carbonic anhydrase gene that is overexpressed in some renal cell cancers". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95 (13): 7608–7613. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7608. PMC 22698. PMID 9636197. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=22698.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: CA12 carbonic anhydrase XII". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=771.

Sahin U, Türeci O, Schmitt H et al. (1996). "Human neoplasms elicit multiple specific immune responses in the autologous host". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (25): 11810–11813. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.25.11810. PMC 40492. PMID 8524854. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=40492.
Ivanov SV, Kuzmin I, Wei MH et al. (1998). "Down-regulation of transmembrane carbonic anhydrases in renal cell carcinoma cell lines by wild-type von Hippel-Lindau transgenes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (21): 12596–12601. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.21.12596. PMC 22876. PMID 9770531. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=22876.
Fujikawa-Adachi K, Nishimori I, Taguchi T, Onishi S (1999). "Human carbonic anhydrase XIV (CA14): cDNA cloning, mRNA expression, and mapping to chromosome 1". Genomics 61 (1): 74–81. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5938. PMID 10512682.
Karhumaa P, Parkkila S, Türeci O et al. (2000). "Identification of carbonic anhydrase XII as the membrane isozyme expressed in the normal human endometrial epithelium". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 6 (1): 68–74. doi:10.1093/molehr/6.1.68. PMID 10611263.
Kivelä A, Parkkila S, Saarnio J et al. (2000). "Expression of a novel transmembrane carbonic anhydrase isozyme XII in normal human gut and colorectal tumors". Am. J. Pathol. 156 (2): 577–84. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64762-1. PMC 1850052. PMID 10666387. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1850052.
Kivelä AJ, Parkkila S, Saarnio J et al. (2001). "Expression of transmembrane carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes IX and XII in normal human pancreas and pancreatic tumours". Histochem. Cell Biol. 114 (3): 197–204. PMID 11083462.
Parkkila S, Parkkila AK, Saarnio J et al. (2001). "Expression of the membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase isozyme XII in the human kidney and renal tumors". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 48 (12): 1601–8. PMID 11101628.
Wykoff CC, Beasley N, Watson PH et al. (2001). "Expression of the hypoxia-inducible and tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast". Am. J. Pathol. 158 (3): 1011–9. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64048-5. PMC 1850356. PMID 11238049. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1850356.
Karhumaa P, Kaunisto K, Parkkila S et al. (2001). "Expression of the transmembrane carbonic anhydrases, CA IX and CA XII, in the human male excurrent ducts". Mol. Hum. Reprod. 7 (7): 611–616. doi:10.1093/molehr/7.7.611. PMID 11420383.
Whittington DA, Waheed A, Ulmasov B et al. (2001). "Crystal structure of the dimeric extracellular domain of human carbonic anhydrase XII, a bitopic membrane protein overexpressed in certain cancer tumor cells". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (17): 9545–9550. doi:10.1073/pnas.161301298. PMC 55489. PMID 11493685. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=55489.
Kivela AJ, Saarnio J, Karttunen TJ et al. (2001). "Differential expression of cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrases, CA I and II, and membrane-associated isozymes, CA IX and XII, in normal mucosa of large intestine and in colorectal tumors". Dig. Dis. Sci. 46 (10): 2179–2186. doi:10.1023/A:1011910931210. PMID 11680594.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–16903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=139241.
Liao SY, Ivanov S, Ivanova A et al. (2003). "Expression of cell surface transmembrane carbonic anhydrase genes CA9 and CA12 in the human eye: overexpression of CA12 (CAXII) in glaucoma". J. Med. Genet. 40 (4): 257–261. doi:10.1136/jmg.40.4.257. PMC 1735430. PMID 12676895. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1735430.
Leppilampi M, Saarnio J, Karttunen TJ et al. (2003). "Carbonic anhydrase isozymes IX and XII in gastric tumors". World J. Gastroenterol. 9 (7): 1398–403. PMID 12854129.
Kyllönen MS, Parkkila S, Rajaniemi H et al. (2003). "Localization of carbonic anhydrase XII to the basolateral membrane of H+-secreting cells of mouse and rat kidney". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 51 (9): 1217–24. doi:10.1177/002215540305100912. PMID 12923247.
Tarun AS, Bryant B, Zhai W et al. (2004). "Gene expression for carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in human nasal mucosa". Chem. Senses 28 (7): 621–629. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjg054. PMID 14578124.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–45. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–2127. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=528928.
Kivela AJ, Parkkila S, Saarnio J et al. (2005). "Expression of von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases IX and XII in normal and neoplastic colorectal mucosa". World J. Gastroenterol. 11 (17): 2616–25. PMID 15849821.

PDB gallery

1jcz: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE XII

1jd0: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASE XII COMPLEXED WITH ACETAZOLAMIDE

Carbonic anhydrases

CA1 • CA2 • CA3 • CA4 • CA5A • CA5B • CA6 • CA7 • CA8 • CA9 • CA10 • CA11 • CA12 • CA13 • CA14

CA12

References

Further reading